Managing performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Overseeing execution - Essay Example At the cutting edge of issues and difficulties that numerous if not every single incredible organization of the 21st century are faced all relate to its workforce especially the regions of order and effectiveness. Much has been embraced and for the most part at extraordinary cost to adequately oversee order and worker efficiency. The crucial rule in overseeing organizations enormous or little is to deal with a company’s execution you need to deal with the presentation of its representatives, authorities, chiefs and directors. This prompts the inquiry what is overseeing execution? Most if not all perspectives and general feeling with respect to this thought all allude to the taking care of concerning how a company’s capacity to meet its objectives. This is normally sent by investigating the nature just as targets of its representatives to more readily propel them also to make the company’s part of their drawn out objectives. To a degree â€Å"performance the executives incorporates exercises to guarantee that objectives are reliably being met in a compelling and productive manner† (McNamara, n.d.). It must be noticed that the fundamental truth is to have the option to achieve this by improving also successfully dealing with the human component in a corporate arrangement. To show up at a superior portrayal of overseeing execution it needs to place into setting the said term according to the fundamental focal point of this paper. In addition because of the unpredictability, multi †d imensional and staggered nature of overseeing execution it is important to limit all succeeding works. This not the slightest bit set to underscore the way that all that the term overseeing execution includes just as all the connected teaches just as point zones are similarly significant. The fact of the matter is to have center just as a refined conversation of overseeing execution with regards to this paper. Because of the explanative necessities of this paper the major inquiries will likewise fill in as the principle goals of the paper’s conversation. Besides fundamental conversation

Why Should Marijuana Be Legalized Many People, Old And Young, Everywh

For what reason should weed be legitimized? Numerous individuals, old and youthful, wherever on the planet, participate in the action of smoking this plant and purchasing gear. There are numerous generous motivations to utilize this plant, other than for extra-curricular purposes. Cannabis ought to be authorized on the grounds that it's the holder of numerous gainful uses including smothering torment, raising the United States free and clear, sparing a large number of sections of land of timberlands, and making occupations for some individuals. Through the authorization of cannabis, the U.S. could profit hugely. Pot is the most generally utilized controlled substance in the United States. Since it is utilized so frequently, why not take the cash it could make by selling it and help the economy. For each 1/8 ounce sold, the U.S. government could take 40% of the $40 or $45 with the other 60% setting off to the merchant. The dealer would need to be checked by the administration and would must have licenses and have their yields tried for hurtful manures. Wrongdoing would likewise be influenced in a positive manner. Illicit medication wrongdoings would drop, permitting the police to direct their concentration toward increasingly difficult issues. There is a pot smoker captured at regular intervals in the United States. Regularly, they get huge fines and little prison time yet recurrent guilty parties can get as long as five years. Unfortunately, attackers and killers can get just a single year. Do you truly think smoking a joint is more terrible that assaulting and killing somebody If pot were to be authorized, the prison would have space for hoodlums that merit prison time for their violations. Expense dollars that go to arraigning and imprisoning these supposed ?crooks' could go towards programs in advising smokers regarding how to do it obligation. Street pharmacists that managed wrongfully would before long leave business and medication pirating would drop to a low. They would in any case sell cocaine and PCP and the other illicit medications however they wouldn't have a similar benefit that they got earlier on the grounds that cannabis acquires such an enormous benefit. In addition to the fact that legitimization would profit the prisons yet in addition the world. A great many sections of land of backwoods that are decimated day by day would be spared. One section of land of hemp can deliver up to multiple times more paper than one section of land of trees. Before trees can be collected for use, they should develop anyplace between 20-50 years; while hemp just needs 4 months before it tends to be reaped. With hemp becoming quicker than trees, woods would remain raised; thusly, many jeopardized creatures would be removed the imperiled species list. Numerous things can be made out of hemp and hemp oil. A few things incorporate; apparel, cleansers, margarine, and rope. By utilizing hemp, we could spare the earth while making ordinary things. For what reason are liquor and nicotine legitimate while maryjane isn't? Liquor and nicotine, similar to pot, are viewed as medications. Liquor brings out viciousness and maltreatment in numerous individuals, while clients of pot are commonly accommodating and loose while on it. Nicotine, whenever expended in huge enough amounts, makes colossal damage the clients' body. Furthermore, both nicotine and liquor are compelling, while barely any clients of cannabis create conditions. A substance shouldn't be illicit in light of the fact that it is addictive. Sex and food can be addictive for individuals and they are not prohibited. Numerous individuals feel that the main individuals that smoke weed are jobless apathetic potheads, yet that isn't the situation. Around 10 million individuals smoked pot routinely a year ago. The vast majority of these individuals were reputable residents. If weed somehow managed to become sanctioned, there would need to laws to follow, for example, smokers could get a fine for smoking out in the open. Or then again the United States could follow in the Netherlands strides. In the Netherlands, they legitimately sell maryjane on the city intersections in little shops. Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands, is the weed capital of the world and therefore, numerous individuals allude to it as the most quiet places on the planet. Utilization of weed would likewise be a lot more secure if the administration controlled it. The administration could without much of a stretch control the sum sold and bought, which would bring down the level of medication maltreatment in the nation. Additionally, if the administration observed pot crops, individuals smoking the plant

Social mobility

Social portability What is social versatility? Drawing on alternate points of view, survey the effect of the instruction framework on circumstances and life risks based on social class. What suggestions does this have for crafted by helping offices? Social portability basically depicts how individuals move along the social stepping stool. For this to occur there must essentially be some type of social class set up. Social class happens all over the place, even in the least fortunate networks. Take a run of the mill town in Ghana for instance, you will find that most likely the town palm wine tapper or prestigious rancher might be at the highest point of the social stepping stool; by town gauges, they are the rich folks; these furthermore could likewise fill in as cash loan specialists or movers and shakers. In the social stepping stool in the said town you may locate the working class who establishes likely most of residents with normal earnings making pretty much enough from their cultivating or different occupations to get by. Obviously, at the base of this stepping stool will be the lower classes that have no occupations or capabilities and are helpless before the rich palm wine tapper. Social versatility depicts how the classes move from their degree of class upwards or downwards. This development could include the securing of new aptitudes or instruction in the offer to improve occupations and consequently get more salary. Now and again development is brought about by for instance winning the lottery, a legacy from guardians or family members or any strategy either purposeful or coincidental which moves an individual starting with one class then onto the next. Social portability or intergenerational mobilityas financial specialists want to call it quantifies how much people groups societal position changes between ages. It is seen by numerous individuals as a proportion of the correspondence of life openings, mirroring the degree to which guardians impact the accomplishment of their youngsters in later life or, on the flipside, the degree to which people can make it by righteousness of their own gifts, inspiration and karma. (Blanden J et al 2005) The Sociology direct has depicted Social versatility as an imperative piece of social definition and an indistinguishable piece of social separation framework in light of the fact that the nature, structure, range and level of social portability relying upon the very idea of the delineation framework. Definition framework implies the way toward putting people in various layers or layers. In a social portability paper Stephen Aldridge depicts social versatility as a development or open doors for development between various social gatherings and the points of interest that go with this as far as pay, security of business, open doors for headway and so on. (Aldridge, 2001) There are kinds of social portability. Intra-age is when there has been an adjustment in a people social position. An ordinary model will be administrative collaborator who works his/her way up in an association. In any case, if a people social position changes over an age it is called between age portability. A model is Margaret Thatcher and numerous others. She became head administrator as a merchants girl. There seems, by all accounts, to be critical intergenerational versatility in the United States, albeit maybe not exactly is in some cases accepted. Sources altogether influence goals. In particular, grown-up children and girls are bound to appear as though their folks as far as occupation or salary than one would foresee based on possibility. In any case, there is extensive portability. Without a doubt, in any event, when occupations or pay classifications are comprehensively characterized, a dominant part of grown-up posterity possess an alternate word related or salary class than their parents.(Daniel P et al 1997) Even versatility is another kind of social portability where an individual changes their activity related position however doesn't change social class. A model is the place an administrative associate moves from Wellingborough to London and turns into a regulatory official. Vertical versatility on the hand makes that big appearance where individuals change their activity related position and change their social class also. A case of vertical portability will be for instance a road cleaner turning into a specialist or a military official turning into a more clean. They have generally changed their financial position. There are kinds of vertical social portability. On the off chance that somebody descends the social stepping stool it turns out to be descending versatility. At the point when they climb on the social stepping stool it turns out to be upward versatility. For instance if an Army official is advanced in rank it turns into an upward versatility. The magazine Business Week in 2007 composed an article about how cell phones in Africa are making elevated expectations of living and boosting upward versatility. Just a couple of years back, places like Muruguru didnt even register in the plans of handset creators and specialist organizations. What might a Kenyan rancher need with a cell phone? Bounty, for reasons unknown. To the bewilderment of the business, individuals living on a couple of dollars daily have demonstrated energetic telephone clients, and in numerous pieces of the world cell broadcast appointment has become an accepted money. The explanation is basic: A cell phone can significantly improve expectations for everyday comforts by sparing squandered outings, giving data about yield costs, bringing clinical assistance, and in any event, filling in as a course to banking administrations. (Business Week, 2007) Another ongoing case of descending portability is in this article in the message. In spite of the fact that she is hitched to a manufacturer, the 27-year-old housewife has weak wooden boards for dividers and spreads her rooftop with plastic sheeting to keep out the downpour in Harares Hatcliffe suburb a long way from the local where she used to live. At this moment I dont have a lodging parcel, however we are paying cash to neighborhood co-agents (to put something aside for an up front installment) so we may get parts to manufacture houses, Chama said. What's more, she is a long way from alone. As per official assessments, around 2,000,000 Zimbabweans in this nation of 12.2 million need settlement. (Reagan Mashavave, 2009)- Another sort of social portability is auxiliary versatility which includes vertical portability however its development is realized by a significant issue. It can likewise be welcomed on by changes in the public eye that carries improvement to countless individuals. Ordinary models will be industrialisation, extension of training and computerisation. These progressions have all gotten improvement to individuals the UK and around the globe. Individuals have through it gained higher societal position and secured more generously compensated positions than their folks. There is additionally singular versatility which includes individuals being upset from accepting open doors as a result of where they were live, their shading, sexual orientation, religion, their instructive foundation, occupation, prosperity and numerous others. The effect of the training framework on circumstances and life risks based on social class is gigantic and hasnt changed much since instruction started. It is as yet hard for common laborers youngsters to get to sentence structure and great far reaching schools as the working class and privileged have populated territories where these schools are put. Childrens social class is as yet the most noteworthy factor in deciding their test achievement in state schools, the Governments head of educator preparing recognizes today. In a meeting with The Independent, Graham Holley, the CEO of the Training and Development Agency, stated: The presentation of a school and a kid in it is profoundly connected to social class. On the off chance that you walk out on understudies in school today 15 years and anticipate their results from where they were conceived, you can do it. (Accumulate, 2008) Regular workers families are attached to the low paid occupations and frequently live in regions where schools are coming up short. Employments are elusive in these zones and its occupants are generally vigorously dependant on benefits. Their lives are busy with how to oversee regular living and not on perusing to their youngsters and giving them music and language exercises. The most unfortunate kids despite everything have minimal possibility of turning out to be legal counselors, specialists, senior government workers and lenders, a report distributed by the Liberal Democrats today appears. The Social Mobility Commission, set up by the gathering, said billions of pounds spent on improving social versatility over the previous decade has helped white collar class as opposed to average workers youngsters. A year ago just 35% of understudies qualified with the expectation of complimentary school suppers acquired at least five A* to C GCSE grades, contrasted and 63% of students from wealthier backgrounds.(Shepherd J, 2009) Impeded youngsters have minimal possibility of watching instructive projects on TV nor do they get the opportunity of perusing the wide sheets. They are essentially not belittled in their family units. Libraries are once in a while utilized and portable libraries are not exceptionally partaken in common laborers zones. Zones in London for example have seen different lodging improvements however they are not in the span of the low paid. Congestion has numerous ramifications for the previously battling families as there is frequently no where to do schoolwork. After school clubs charge for their administrations forgetting about low paid families neglected. In this manner odds of impeded kids arriving at elevated levels of accomplishment in school are somewhat diminish. Youngsters in manual social classes stay under-spoke to in advanced education in Great Britain. Notwithstanding expanding from a support pace of 11 percent in 1991/92 to 19 percent in 2001/02, investment stays well underneath that of the non-manual social classes. Investment rates for the non-manual social classes expanded from 35 percent to 50 percent over a similar period. (http://www.statistics.gov.uk) The outcomes of the manual or low class staying under-spoke to in advanced education is unbelievable as youngsters from these foundation will encounter either downwardly versatile or not proceed onward the social stepping stool at all because of them not entering advanced education. Todays work advertise is serious and even those with great capabilities are thinking that its troublesome

Legalizing Assisted Suicide - Free Essay Example

If someone wanted to end their life should they be allowed to do so with the aid of a doctor? Would those with depression be allowed to end their life? If a person is in so much pain that nothing will relieve it, should they be given the means to end it? In Oregon, which had the Death with Dignity Act since 1997, people with terminal illnesses can get lethal prescriptions from their doctors to take their own lives. In the first seventeen years, five out of six people were denied the prescription. The one out of six that did get the pills; 752 people ended their lives and the other 400 people never took the pills. These numbers dont answer the questions, nor do they explain the situation these people found themselves in. Assisted suicide is a complex question discussed by many different people of all kinds of beliefs; not only a moral issue but also a logical and practical issue. Peter Singer and Andrew Solomon are two of the more outspoken people that are in support of legalizing assisted suicide. Peter Singer is a professor of bioethics at Princeton University and the author of the books The Most Good You Can Do, Animal Liberation, The Life You Can Save, and Practical Ethics. Andrew Solomon is a professor of clinical psychology at Columbia University and the author of the books Far from the Tree: Parents, Children, and the Search for Identity, Far and Away: Reporting from the Blink of Change, and The Noonday Demon. Peter argues that the perception of death is not always negative and instead could be positive depending on the circumstances. There are circumstances in which the person who is considering death wants to die. That is their autonomous choice. So, death is not a violation of their autonomy, or contrary to their strongest wishes. Peter also argues There are cases in which a person has no more valuable life to look forward to, valuable by their judg ment, not valuable by somebody elses judgment imposing on them the idea that their life is still worthwhile. Andrew argues giving someone the choice of death would allow them to take control back of their life; Because much of modern medicine prolongs not living but dying, we need to rethink death itself. Making someone die in a way that others approve, but that he feels is anathema, is an odious form of tyranny. Ilora Finlay and Daniel Sulmasy are of the more outspoken of those against legalizing assisted suicide. Ilora Finlay is a member of the House of Lords, a palliative care physician, and is the president of the British Medical Association. Daniel Sulmasy is a professor of medicine and ethics at the University of Chicago and is a member of the presidential committee on the study of bioethical problems. Ilora argues that legalizing assisted suicide sends a message of despair and hopelessness, They send a message. And the message they send is that if youre terminally ill, ending your life is something that you probably ought to think about. Ilora also argues that it may not properly protect mentally ill patients, How do you assess capacity commensurate with the biggest decision that you could take; that to end your life? Only 6 percent of Oregons psychiatrists feel confident to do it. Daniel argues assisted suicide is bad ethical reasoning, bad medicine, bad policy, and is a slippery slope into euthanasia, These all follow logically from arguing for assisted suicide on the basis of maximizing our individual interests. So, if you dont believe in euthanizing severely disabled children or the demented, you might want to rethink your support for assisted suicide, at least if you want to be consistent. Daniel also argues assisted suicide would make us value human life less, Assisted suicide and euthanasia require us to accept that it is morally permissible to act with the specific intention of making a somebody into a nobody, to make them dead. Intentions, not just outcomes, matter in ethics. Daniel also argues against assis ted suicide because it would affirm the thought of being a burden for themselves and others that many terminally patients think.

Combat Sports - 730 Words

In 2013, Pettersson, Ekstrom, and Berg examined the rationale behind rapid weight loss (RWL) and rapid weight gain (RWG) for competitors in combat sports. Researchers also strived to enhance their knowledge and understanding as well as competitor’s knowledge of the reasons behind these strategies. Fourteen competitors agreed to participate in the study. This group of participants consisted of nine men and five women between the ages of 18 and 36. For participants to be eligible for this study, they had to have been successful in international events, placing high on repeated occasions, or be regarded as having the likelihood of accomplishing world-class status within four to eight years. Participants had to also be competitors in any of†¦show more content†¦Investigators found that weight management habits reinforced the competitor’s goals and objectives. The investigators also found that weight management provides beneficial elements for competitors such as id entity and a positive mentality. Pettersson, et. al., suggested that future studies should implement more questions based on nutrition and refrain from using an interrogator whose title may cause response bias by participants. In a later study, Sitch and Day (2015) examined judo competitors’ mental experiences, while attempting to attain the required weight for their event. Researchers recruited international judo competitors as respondents. Through newsletters, participants were given an overview of the study and an understanding of what would be required of them. Respondents were only eligible for the study if they were competing in events which required them to lose weight in the approaching season. Six competitors, three men and three women, ages 18 to 28 participated in the study. Respondents had between 5 and 18 years of experience. Researchers had two methods for collecting their data; daily diaries kept by the respondents and follow-up interviews. The purpose of dail y diaries, kept by the respondents, were to give the respondents a greater role of responsibility throughout the study. Researchers held a meeting with the respondents to explain the expected use and purpose of the diary. Researchers provided the participants with informationShow MoreRelatedCombat Sports in the Ancient World: General Aspects of Ancient Combat Sports2625 Words   |  11 Pagesintroduction to the ancient combat sports, he proceeds to provide a basic outline to the world of ancient combat sports in a series of sections within the chapter, including: The definition of a ‘combat sport’ and its relation to recreation and training; similarities amongst combat sports, training methods and common practise; the premise of athletic festivals, and the organization of said competition. The first area that Poliakoff studies is ‘General aspects of the ancient combat sports’ is the definitionRead MoreMixed Martial Arts And Ethics Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesBreed of Sport In its December 6, 2006 profile on Ultimate Fighting, USA Today writer Marco della Cava states, ‘Football and baseball may be American pastimes, but for a high-tech generation weaned on immediacy, such sporadic action doesnt compare with UFCs short and definitive flurries of violence’ (Dallas-Based Fight Company Enters the Cage). According to an editorial in Market Wire, Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), commonly recognized as cage fighting, is the fastest growing Sports EntertainmentRead More Science, Technology and America’s Military Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War, when they were first developed to train pilots for combat.†[2] A simulator is a device used to mimic real world situations in order to better train and prepare people, for things that they might encounter. The most commonly heard of simulator is for flight training, but nowadays, the military uses simulators to train for not only flight, but also for infantry, tank battles, artillery, and almost every other aspect of combat. The simulators used today are extremely accurate as to theRead MoreVeterans : The Intricate Journey1456 Words   |  6 Pagesfor them. An experience filled with either pleasant or painful memories will remain with them for the rest of their lives. In the case of interviewee Luke Bohannan, he enlisted into the army then got commissioned into being an Army engineer corps, combat engineer officer. Once enlisted or drafted to be a soldier and soldiers have arrived at the boot camp location the officers in charge will provide soldiers with all the equipment required. Once the soldiers have settled into their new home, theyRe ad MoreThe Era Of George Washington1956 Words   |  8 Pageswere passed down through generations in which leadership waged war. â€Å"Until the nineteenth century, war was the sport of kings, and strategy the rules of the game.† (Palmer, 2012, p.3) As we look into the era of George Washington we can see three general aspects of warfare that were used. The first being tactics which we can describe as being the â€Å"theory of the use of military forces in combat† (Palmer, 2012, p. 6) or generally speaking how we fight our enemy. This how we fight aspect goes into the basicRead MoreGames : A Real Sport1403 Words   |  6 PagesGames: A real Sport In our culture, there are many ways to entertain such as music, film, book, and of course, game is one of them. But when we indicate games, most of people will think a negative influence instead of looking at all its positive side. Parents always say to their children Playing games is a waste of time and there is no gain from that. However, online games especially competitive games are not that bad and playing games should be encouraged by everyone. Games or E-sport should be consideredRead MoreThe Impact Of Sports On Sports Industry950 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of sport industry; the sports industry is a market wherein the products manufactured and offered to its customers are sport, recreation and fitness related and may be activities, amenities or people. Sports we support, follow and play today are part of our day-to-day lives and we forget that over 250 years ago the sports established today did not yet exist and the few that did would be unappealing and unrecognisable to the sports fans of today. Looking back to the history of sports we see aRead MoreSports in Everyday Life640 Words   |  3 PagesSports in everyday life According to Gandhiji and Tagore, all round development of a child should depend upon the true education imparted to us. Education must be the result of overall development of the child i.e. Mental, moral, social physical. Education develops a personality which a person carries forward in his/her life. But now-a-days more stress is laid on the mental development. Merely being good in academics is not everything. More and more importance should be given to physical developmentRead MoreMMA or Mixed martial arts is a full contact combat sport that allows the use of both striking and1000 Words   |  4 PagesMMA or Mixed martial arts is a full contact combat sport that allows the use of both striking and grappling skills, both standing and on the mat, from a selection of other combat sports. Numerous mixed style contests were held throughout Europe, the Pacific Rim, and Japan during the early 1900s. The combat sport of vale tudo that came from Brazil from the 1920s was brought to the U.S by the Gracie family in 1993 with the founding of the Ultimate Fighting Championship . The more dangerous vale-tudo-styleRead More Parental Violence and Youth Sports Essay2176 Words   |  9 Pages Participating in a sport at an early age can be essential to the overall growth process during a child’s upbringing. Whether the participation is through some sort of organized league or just getting together amongst friends and playing, the lessons learned from this can help teach these kids and provide a positive message to them as they develop. There is a certain point, however, when organized sports can hinder progress, which is when adults get too involved and forget about the underlying

Things That Came to Me After Watching Capitalism A Love...

Not much has really been said about the other three â€Å"isms† in the movie, while Capitalism was highly criticized. What was the purpose of the movie? Is it purposely made to antagonize Capitalism, or expose America’s flawed political and economic system? The movie gave many description of Capitalism. It ranged from good remarks like â€Å"system of taking and giving† to criticism like how it is a â€Å"system of taking and giving, but mostly taking.† Based on what is shown in the movie, the second description would be more believable. The â€Å"successful† people shown in the movie took advantage of others’ misfortune. For example, the loan companies who bankrupt the poor people even more. The loan companies let people borrow more money with high interest rates, knowing that they would most likely not be able to pay it back, but in return the companies take everything they have. There is a family in the movie that owned a house for so many years, and the bank was able to take it from them for not being able to pay what they owe. Thankfully, the bank was â€Å"generous† enough to offer them money in exchange of cleaning out their house. Is that really the right thing to do? Another infuriating part of the movie is when another family became homeless and was forced to live in a truck. What happened to the â€Å"highest standard of living in the world† that they America promised? Is living a truck a luxurious thing now? How did that happen? How come nobody stopped the economic abuse to lower andShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s 1984, And O Brien2501 Words   |  11 PagesCommunism, and Marxism and their founders. â€Æ' Are the characters individualists or collectivists? Why? Winston and Julia are pretty much the only characters that are individualists while all the other characters in the book at collectivists. 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Miller would then develop and expand it into a full-length production with director Peter Brook in London in 1956. The incubation period of A View from the Bridge, spanning from 1947 to 1956, straddles and absorbs a host of major events both on the national landscapeRead MoreStudy Guide9234 Words   |  37 PagesSociologists may appear to study conditions that are obvious, but by making the familiar strange, they are able to move beyond commonsense reasoning an d use evidence to really understand a topic. For example, students will say that they plan to marry for love, but society narrows the field; they are more likely to marry individuals of the same race, ethnicity, age, educational attainment, and social class. Making the familiar unfamiliar also helps to explain how society shapes our lives. 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In his book, Former Hungarian Ambassador Andras Simonyi made this perfectly clear, â€Å"The USSR was a very tough place to be, especially for me who’d gotten so used to freedom (after extended time spent in Denmark)– freedom in the way I dressed, freedom in the way I communicated, freedom in the way I talked to people, and freedom in the way I picked up my music. Just imagine the powerful message of Bruce SpringsteenRead MoreThe Vampire: What Boundaries Does the Vampire Threaten? Discuss with R9200 Words   |  37 PagesThe Vampire What boundaries does the Vampire threaten? Written by Amanda Turner Discuss possible answers to this question with reference to at least two critical or theoretical essays and at least two tellings of the Dracula story._______________________________________________ The Vampire in Dracula threatens the very existence of Victorian England. 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He was determined to write stories about Negroes, so true that people in faraway lands would read them. James Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri, on February 1, 1902, to Carolina (Carrie) Mercer Langston and James (Jim) Nathaniel Hughes. Carrie, self-indulgent and easygoing

Health and Social free essay sample

I am trying to discover the physiological disorder asthma has affected the way he lives, how it affected the lungs and the way he breaths. For the interview I thought of suitable questions which I would be asking the individual such as how did you recognize how you had asthma ? , how did asthma come into the system (genetic or natural). What was the age you found out you had asthma and how long have you had the physiological disorder for? I spoke to the individual and ask my questions in the right manner and in a orderly way, the individual had answer the questions the best way and detail as possible and I’ve collected all the information by writing down what he has explained after each questions I’ve asked, the interview went on for 20-30 minutes. I didn’t have to explain to the individual who I was as I was a family member and I explained to him what I was doing which was talking about a physiological disorder. We will write a custom essay sample on Health and Social or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Asthma is a common long term condition that can cause cough, wheezing and breathlessness. These are severity of the symptoms which can vary from person to person, and asthma can be controlled well in most people most of the time. Asthma is caused by inflammation of the airways, these are small tubes called bronchi which would carry oxygen in and out of the lung, as the individual bronchi would inflame and become more sensitive than normal, when the individual comes into contact with something that irritates his lungs (trigger off) his airways become narrow and the muscles around the lungs tighten which makes him have problems with difficulties breathing, wheezing and coughing and also tight chest. A symptom of his asthma is an asthma attack, which may require treatment from hospital care professionals as it although rare. The individual has chronic asthma which is long term, long term inflammation of the airways may lead to more permanent narrowing, the individual has had asthma since he was a young man, his causes of asthma wasn’t fully understood as it was run in the family as his mother and father both had the condition. The common triggers of the individual was anything which irritated the airways in his body and brings on the symptoms of asthma, the common triggers which set is condition off was talking in smoke while present around smokers in the house hold, exercise which was walking, in the fresh air watching rugby as he is a big rugby supporter. His symptoms may trigger off as of the weather conditions, change of temperature, cold air and windy days. The causes of the individual asthma was genetic, also the symptoms of the condition could range from mild to severe as the asthma could get significantly get worse which is an asthma attack as some of his symptoms may include him feeling breathless which causes him to gasp for breath and also taking in oxygen also coughing which happens at day or may happen at night. He had experience these signs and symptoms at the age of 27 as he was at the gym exercising and suddenly lost his breath while running on the treadmill and it had triggered of the asthma. The individual diagnosis the is likely to be able to make a the diagnosis as his GP asked him about his condition and how the symptoms happen, how often they happen and also if you notice anything witched started the asthma off. The test which the GP carried out about his condition was the spirometry which carried out to access how well his lungs works, also he had to breathe into a machine called a spirometer. The spirometer takes two measurements which is the volume of his air that breaths out in 1 second as called the focused expiratory volume in 1 second and the total breaths he breaths out is called the forced vital captivity. The GP asked him to breathe out a few times to get a consistent reading and that the reading is compared with normal measurement for his age, which of shown him if his airways are obstructed. The PEFR (perk expiratory flow rate test) which is a small hand held device which is known as a perk flow meter which measured how fast he could blow air out of the lungs in one breath. This peak flow would be taken home with him and daily recording would be taken to help him to recognize if his asthma worsen, also he told me what other test what other tests which the GP give him were an allergy testing, airway response awareness and airway inflammation. The treatment which he had with his asthma which the GP was helping him get the asthma under controlled and from worsening, the care for his condition was good as he had all the full information about his condition and also knowing how to control the asthma, he was having regular checks up to ensure his asthma as under good control and the treatment was right for him, as he was given two inhalers which were blue and brown, but now his asthma have worsen as he overweight and he also unhealthy but now only one inhalers.  He told me that his asthma personal plan which him and the doctor suggested would help him in to what steps to take for decreasing the condition from getting worse.

study Essay Example

study Essay Measuring supply chain management practices Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, Alceu Gomes Alves Filho, Adriana Backx Noronha Viana and Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour is Assistant Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Alceu Gomes Alves Filho is Full Professor in Industrial Engineering in the Department of Industrial Engineering, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Adriana Backx Noronha Viana is Associate Professor in Business Administration and Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour is Assistant Professor of Business Administration, both at The University of Sao Paulo Business School Ribeirao preto (FEA-RP/USP), Summary Purpose This paper aims to perform an empirical investigation about the constructs and indicators of the supply chain management practices framework. survey that was carried out on 107 Brazilian companies. Statistical techniques were employed to verify, validate, and test the reliability of the constructs and their indicators. To validate this framework principal component analysis and structural equation modeling techniques were used. Findings In general, previous studies uggest six constructs for measuring the supply chain management practices framework. However, in this study a framework was achieved with four constructs of supply chain management practices, namely, supply chain (SC) integration for production planning and control (PPC) support, information sharing about products and targeting strategies, strategic relationship with customer and supplier, and support customer order. This framework has adequate levels of validity and reliability. We will write a custom essay sample on study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this study was that only a small sample of companies in a single sector and country were surveyed, and herefore there needs to be further research considering the special conditions in other countries. Originality/value This study investigated statistically set indicators to discuss the topic supply chain management practices. The framework obtained has good quality of validity and reliability indicators. Thus, an alternative framework has been added to measure supply chain management practices, which is currently a popular topic in the supply chain mainstream literature. Both defined constructs and the validated indicators can be used in other studies on supply chain management. Keywords Supply chain management, Working practices, Performance measurement (quality), Brazil Paper type Research paper 1. Introduction Supply chain management (SCM) is an integrated approach beginning with planning and control of materials, logistics, services, and information stream from suppliers to manufacturers or service providers to the end client; it represents a most important change in business management practices (Fantazy et al. 2010). SCM is one of the most effective ways for firms to improve their performance (Ou et al. , 2010). With the purpose of managing the supply chain actions for realizing improvement in nterprise performance, it is necessary to improve the planning and management of activities such as materials planning, inventory management, capacity planning, and logistics (Chandra and Kumar, 2000) with suppliers and clients. Currently, the topics that can be considered essential to research suggestions in SCM include: supply chain coordination, distribution and transport, inventory, order management, planning and optimization, supply chain integration, reverse logistics, supply chain information, supplier and vender selection, and green SCM (Hu et al. , 2010). PAGE 18 MEASURING BUSINESS EXCELLENCE VOL. 15 NO. 2 2011, pp. 8-31, Q Emerald Group publishing Limited, ISSN 1368-3047 While interest in SCM is increasing day-by-day, there is no consensus about the conceptual and methodological research bases of SCM, generating gaps in the state- of-the-art of this research field (Burgess et al. , 2006). It is impossible to develop sound SCM theory without acceptable frameworks and definitions of terms (Stock and Boyer, 2009). In addition, the lack of a comprehensive view of SCM practices and the lack of a reliable measure of the concept have constrained guidelines to the practice f SCM and further research on the topic (Li et al. 2005). For this reason, the validation of SCM practices issue has been attracting the attention of researchers. For example, Li et al. (2005) conceptualize, develop, and validate dimensions of SCM practices constructs. Nonetheless, there are no unanimities in determining the set of indicators that can adequately address the topic Supply Chain Management Practices. Studies performed by Halley and Beaulieu (2010), Bayraktar et al. (2009), Hsu et al. (2009), Robb et al. (2008), Chow et al. (2008), Koh et al. (2007), Zhou and Benton (2007), wong et al. 005), -ran et al. (2002) and Tan (2002) pointed out different types of indicators and constructs used. Therefore, studying SCM practices can contribute to finding a better understanding about SCM. Hence, this paper aims to do an empirical investigation of the constructs and indicators of the SCM practices framework. The following sections include a brief literature review on SCM practices (section 2), methodological proc edures (section 3), analyses and discussions (section 4), and finally, conclusions (section 5). 2. Literature background A high level of confusion has occurred amongst supply chain scholars during the ast decades by the several SCM definitions that have been proposed in the literature (Stock and Boyer, 2009). Three key subjects emerged from the various definitions: activities, benefits, and constituents/components. The first theme of SCM definitions, activities, contains the flow of materials and information, and networks of relationships, focusing on both internal (within the organization) and external (outside the organization). Second, the benefits resulting from effective implementation of SCM strategies are to add value and increase customer satisfaction. Third, the components or constituent parts of SCM; what organizations, unctions and processes involve the supply chain (Stock et al. , 2010). SCM practices are defined as the set of activities undertaken by an organization to promote effective management of its supply chain (Li et al. , 2005, 2006; Koh et al. , 2007); as the approaches applied in integration, managing and coordination of supply, demand and relationships in order to satisfy clients in effective way (Wong et al. 2005); as tangible activities/technologies that have a relevant role in the collaboration of a focal involve suppliers in decision making, encouraging information, sharing and looking or new ways to integrate upstream activities. As a consequence, it involves developing customer contacts by customer feedback to integrate the downstream activities and delivering orders directly to c ustomers (Chow et al. , 2008). In this sense, studying SCM practices supports the view theory regarding SCM. Relevant initiatives to identify and validate SCM practices have been reported, but it is worth noting that there is no pattern in defining and adopting indicators and constructs for SCM practices. Tan et al. (2002) and Tan (2002) identified 24 SCM practices from previous studies and formed six constructs: . supply chain integration; 2. information sharing; 3. supply chain characteristics; VOL. 15 NO. 2 2011 MEASURING BUSINESS EXCELLENCE PAGE 19 4. customer service management; 5. geographical proximity; and 6. JIT capability. They used a five-point Likert scale to measure the importance of these practices. Wong et al. (2005) proposed like indicators of SCM practices in their study: B supply chain performance; product differentiation; lead time management; postponement and customization; inventory and cost management; bullwhip effects; information sharing and coordination; buyer-seller relationship; etail strategy; and SCM initiatives. They used a case study and the practices based on the toy industry. Six distinctive constructs of SCM practices emerged, including strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, information sharing, information quality, internal lean practices and postponement. All the items were measured on a five-point scale (Li et al. , 2005, 2006). Zhou and Benton (2007) consider three constructs of supply chain practices (supply chain planning, Just-in-time OIT) production, and delivery practice), because they have been shown to be closely related to delivery performance. Each statement required responses based on a seven-point Likert scale (1 h not implemented, 7 h extensively implemented). A list of SCM constructs used in previous literature regarding the SCM practices is relying on the extant literature. Koh et al. (2007) and Bayraktars et al. 2009) studies identify a set of 12 SCM practices: close partnership with suppliers, close partnership with customers, Just in time supply, strategic planning, supply chain benchmarking, few suppliers, holding safety stock, e-procurement, outsourcing, subcontracting, 3PL, many suppliers. Items were measured on five-point scales anging from 1 (not at all implemented) to 5 (fully implemented). Koh et al. (2007) m easuring two constructs and Bayraktar et al. (2009) measuring three constructs. A five-point interval rating scale system was used by Chow et al. 2008) with 5 equaling the highest extent or degree. The constructs were: customer and supplier management; communication and speed; and information sharing. Robb et al. (2008) considered four constructs in their research: 1 . customer relationships; 2. supplier relationships; 3. e-commerce; and 4. enterprise software. They used a seven-point Likert scale. PAGE 20 MEASURING BUSINESS EXCELLENCE VOL. 5 NO. 2 2011 In research performed by Hsu et al. (2009), respondents were asked to indicate on a five-point Likert scale (1 low, 5 high), the importance of each practice in their firm. The indicators were: increase suppliers Just in time capabilities; participating in sourcing decisions; geographical proximity of suppliers; formal information sharing agreements; improving the integration of activities; searching for new ways for integration; communicating future strategic needs; on-time delivery; and reducing response time. Halley and Beaulieu (2010) used four constructs (nesting, collaboration, financial ncorporation, and distancing) along with 13 indicators from the five-point Likert scale. Table I summarizes the theoretical studies of constructs pointed out in this section. Table II shows the constructs, the indicators and conceptual meaning used in this paper to measure and validate the SCM practices framework. The selection of constructs and indicators was based on research to reconcile the concepts of SCM (Stock et al. , 2010; Chandra and Kumar, 2000), in which they considered the necessity to manage, plan and control production and inventory, i. e. the flow of information nd materials; the definition of SCM practices (Wong et al. 2005; Chow et al. , 2008), the managed integration and coordination of supply, demand and relationships; and the most commonly found constructs and the indicators (Bayraktar et al. , 2009; Robb et al. , 2008; Chow et al. , 2008; Koh et al. , 2007; Zhou and Benton, 2007; Li et al. , 2006, 2005; Tan et al. , 2002; Tan, 2002). Taking this into consideration, the constructs considered were: supply chain integration, information sharing, custom er service management, customer relationship, supplier relationship and postponement. 3. Methodology 3. 1 Survey design In order to assess the construct of the SCM practices, a questionnaire was developed from a review of literature (Table II), and the respondents were asked to evaluate each question in terms of the level of implementation of each specific practice in their company. A five-point Likert scale (1 non-implemented and 5 totally implemented) was adopted because there are many researches uses the same method. Prior to this, a pre-test was given to professionals in the SC over a 65-day period, and from this pre-test some necessary adjustments were done to the questionnaire in order to make the questions clearer. The questionnaire was sent out to 532 different companies via personalized e-mails. In all, 107 companies responded (response rate only e-mails were sent to each of the 532 companies up to three times each. The participating companies were classified according to the position they occupy in their supply chain as follows: raw material supplier, component supplier, assembly company, distributor, or retailer. The companies were also classified according to their size (micro company, small company, medium company, and large company) and the predominant bargaining power in their major supply chain. The data were collected through an e-survey (internet-based survey) conducted with one respondent from each company (from different areas, such as marketing, operations, supply, and sales departments) of several different segments of the Brazilian VOL. 15 NO. 2 2011 MEASURING BUSINESS EXCELLENCE PAGE 21 Table I Summaries of the theoretical studies of constructs pointed out in this research Author(s) Research objective Construct Context Scale -ran (2002) The first objective was to derive a set of SCM practices and compare how practitioners ranked these practices to enhance competitive position. The second objective was o identify and compare the major concerns in implementing a successful SCM program. Finally, the third objective attempted to identify the practices and the concerns associated with successful supply chains The article described a survey effort to study contemporary supply evaluation practices. This also related these practices to firm performance The study explored SCM practices of toy supply chains, and revealed their practical and theoretical gaps The purpose of research was to develop and validate a parsimonious measurement instrument for SCM practices The purpose of study therefore to empirically test a framework dentifying the relationships among SCM practices, competitive advantage and organizational The purpose of study was to investigate: the relationship between information sharing and supply chain practice: the influence of supply chain dynamism on information sharing and supply chain practice; and the impact of chain practice on delivery determine the underlying dimensions of SCM practices and to empirically test a framework SCM practices, operational performance and SCM-related organizational performance with special emphasis on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey Study sought to determine the nderlying dimensions of SCM and IS practices. Next, empirically test a framework identifying the causal links among SCM and IS practices, SCM and Is-related inhibitors operational performance Information sharing Supply chain characteristic Customer service management Geographical proximity JIT capability Different industries Five-point Likert None Toy industry retail (volatile None demand) Strategic supplier partnership Customer relationship Information quality Internal lean practices Postponement Supply chain plan JIT production Delivery practices Seven-point Strategic collaboration and lean practices Outsourcing and multi-suppliers

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts

Organizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts Free Online Research Papers Organizational behavior is a complex relationship between individuals, groups, the organizational systems and structures. It is a study of how such relationships and systems impacts on the behavior of individuals within an organization. Managers in the organization try to understand the organizational behavior so as to understand how such could impact on the organizational performance. Organizational behavior is therefore narrow in nature since it attempts to use the knowledge of the individuals’ behavior within the organization with an objective of improving the organizational performance and effectiveness (Gareth Morgan, 1999). According to Gareth Morgan (1999), organizational behavior is the shared values and beliefs among individuals in an organization that affects on the way they interact, performs various organizational task and reacts to the organizational environment. It is the organizational behavior that offers the distinctive characteristic between organizations. According to Gareth Morgan (1999) organizational behavior is the study of the relationships and interactions between individuals groups and various systems in an organization and the utilization of such knowledge to improve the organizational performance for instance through employees’ satisfaction and motivation. Organizational Culture Organizational culture is fundamentally the character of the organization. It is the assumptions, values, customs, norms and the tangible symbolic characteristics of an organization and which greatly determines the behavior and actions of the organizational members. Organizational culture varies from one organization to another. Although it may not be documented, the organizational culture is characteristically displayed in all aspects of the organization (Denison, 2004). For instance; it is possible to know the culture of an organization by merely looking at the company logo. It dictates the way individuals goes about their day to day activities in the organizations i.e. the customs and patterns of operations within an organization are entrenched in the organization culture. The culture of one firm is distinct from that of another. For instance, the culture of a large profit making establishment is different to that of a hospital. Similarly, the culture of a hotel is distinct to that of a university. Just like one can identify the personality of an individual by looking at the physical and behavioral characteristics, the organizational culture can be recognized by looking at the arrangements of the physical amenities, the points of organizational pride, the dressing styles, organization of the meetings, time keeping of members, extra organizational events among others Diversity Organization diversity is the term used to refer to the wide range of characteristic and aspects of an organization and that is entrenched in the differences in behavior among the various individuals that constitutes its membership. The organization is a complex system of interaction among members with varying personality, behavior and background as well as physical traits. Diversity in the organization is inevitable as it is impossible to attain uniformity in all aspects of the organization (Gareth Morgan, 1999). Organizational behavior is shaped by the ability of the managers to manage the organizational diversity and direct all the differences to conform to the organizational behavior and culture. Organizational diversity is embedded in the racial, gender, and sexual differences among individuals at workplace. Since the diversity is natural and inevitable, the management is involved in uniting this diversity and directs all its components towards the achievement of a common organizational purpose. Organizational behavior and culture is therefore as a result of this unification. Communication Communication is a complex process via which individuals share their ideas, values and opinions within well established organizational systems. It involves an establishment of a two way system through which information is shared between two parties mainly the sender (encoder) and the recipient (decoder). Just like in any other communication set-up, communication in the organization is carried out using various modes. Business communication therefore involves managers coming up with messages, transmitting them to the employees and other stakeholders as well as the society immediate to the organization and also obtaining feedback from the recipients. Communication cannot be complete until the communicator is able to efficiently get feedback from the recipient. On the same note, effective communication is the ability of the process to get the intended message as accurately as possible to the audience or recipients and channeling back feedback to the sender of the message. Organizational Effectiveness and Efficiency Organizational Efficiency this refers to the ease through which an organization or its management is able to mobilize its resources to meet the established mission, objectives and goals. Effectiveness is a depiction of how well the organization is able to optimally allocate its resources, strategies and policy to accomplish the organizational objectives (Gareth, 1999). For instance, the organization can be said to be efficient if it achieves cost minimization and maximum returns (revenues). Organizational Effectiveness this is the ability of the available organizational resources and strategies to achieve the company’s mission; vision specific objectives and company’s goals (Gareth, 1999). If such cannot meet such objectives then they can be said to be ineffective. For instance effective marketing strategies are those which are able to maximize the company’s market share. Organization Learning Organizational learning is a process by which knowledge (either formal or informal) is passed over from one individual to another within an organizational setup. It is a gradual process that involves close and continuous social; interactions among organizations. Learning is an adaptive process and takes time for individuals to synthesize what they learn as explained in the appellant conditioning theory or the activity theory. It is important for the organization as well as individuals to learn so as to efficiently and effectively adapt to the changes of the business environment and adopt suitable organizational behavior. The organizational culture is also a learnt phenomenon (Argyris Schon, 2008). References Argyris, C. D. Schon (2008), Organizational Learning: A theory of action perspective, Addison-Wesley, retrieved from amazon.com/organizational-learning-adoson wisely-organizational-development.html on May 27, 2009 Denison, D. (2004). Corporate culture and organization effectiveness New York: Wileycims.ncsu.edu/downloads/Research/71_WDWK_culture.pdf– retrieved on May 27, 2009 Gareth Morgan, (1999), Organizational Theory and Behavior Inc Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 17 Pg 12-17 Research Papers on Organizational Behavior Terminology and ConceptsThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andResearch Process Part OneStandardized TestingAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Radioactive Waste Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Radioactive Waste Management - Essay Example Hospitals and labs doing research work generate low-levels of radioactive waste. Also the nuclear fuel cycle generates it, however at this level the radioactivity lasts a short time and not dangerous to dispose of. The intermediate-level of waste should be disposed carefully as it contains higher amounts of radioactivity. The high-level waste may be the used fuel itself, or the waste generated from reprocessing the fuel. They contain long-lived radioactivity and also generates a high amount of heat. (AUA, 2007) Radioactive materials are themselves a threat, and shielding is required for their management. Their waste is even more a threat since it can affect millions of people throughout the area that has been exposed to, hence proper management is required. Since most of the radioactive waste can be reused for nuclear plants, its high cost and utility makes it important to manage it properly. Also management from the point of view of keeping radioactive materials secure is also important since in the wrong hands, radioactive materials can be used to spread terrorism in the world. (IAEA, 1995) Radioactive waste is hazardous for the natural environment in high quantities. Once the radioactivity escapes into the environment, humans and other species are exposed to ionizing radiation. Since humans are among the most radiation sensitive organisms, the effect can be as bad as or even worse than that happed to the people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The natural resources would be destroyed over extended periods of time. Chemical pollution and adverse affect on the natural habitats of other species can de disastrous for our future generations. (IAEA, 1995) Political Impacts Keeping radioactive waste can be a threat to the security of a nation and even a threat to the world. Since terrorism is a very strong force in this world today, keeping radioactive waste provides an opportunity to these fanatics to take control of the waste and use them for their terrorist activities. Physical The radioactive waste requires special landfills with lead containers kept deep inside the earth. The land then becomes unusable due to threat of radioactive contamination. When an area becomes contaminated, it then becomes quarantined and involves a massive cleanup campaign. If the radioactive waste is short lived then usually the site becomes usable after the radioactive waste decays. However in the case of long-lived waste, suitable sites are cleared and dug up to facilitate the waste in deep final repositories. (IAEA, 1995) Economic The management of radioactive waste is often extremely expensive. According to an Israeli estimate, it costs $30,000 per ton to treat and properly dispose low-radioactive nuclear waste (Kloosterman, 2007). This cost is extremely high for even a developed country. According to Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA), UK's nuclear waste clean-up program could cost more than 70bn (BBC, 2006). Responses Individuals Everyone at a personal level realizes the threat that radioactive waste poses for their country and to themselves. At a personal level, everyone should try to contain and limit the use of radioactive material in

Tourism in Madagascar Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Tourism in Madagascar - Term Paper Example People are not seeing Madagascar as a sustainable tourism spot. There lies the confusion. Ecotourism is defined as the travel to the destinations of the world where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are existent. They are the primary attractions for the tourists. They aim at minimizing the negative effects that are mostly caused due to traditional tourism on the natural environment (Butler, 2005). Sustainable tourism on the other hand focuses on bringing benefits to the local people, the environment and the economy. The concept of sustainable tourism has been slower in Madagascar, mainly due to the fact that people tour with an aim of seeing a natural environment (eco tourism). Madagascar's main originating market has been France. It is still unable to furnish products which are for sustainable tourism market, rather then just for ecotourism (Butler, 2005). Madagascar is located on the south-east coast of the African continent. Madagascar is the fourth largest island. It is larger than the States of California and Oregon. The island extends 100 miles in length and 360 miles in width. This democratic country lies in the Indian Ocean and is among the world's poorest countries. Madagascar, as being among the poorest countries, is mostly engaged in agriculture at a subsistence level. Citizens do not have options of choosing their desire career path. They have to dwell in whatever they have. They have to spend their life in whatever limited resources they can find. This poverty is causing crucial harm not only to the people living in Madagascar, but also to the endemic biodiversity of Madagascar. At present, the Madagascar's biodiversity need the presence of good tourist, tourist who will respect, care, and play a responsible role in saving the Madagascar's treasure of biodiversity. (Butler, 2005) If an individual is enthusiastic and looking for the unexpected, if one wants to meet an extraordinary people, then he or she must go and discover this fascinating island. That individual will certainly agree with the characterization made by world-explorer Dervla Murphy: "Apart from the Tibetans, I have never traveled among a people as endearing as the Malagasy." You will become attached to the country, verifying once more the Malagasy proverb: "They who drink the water from the Manangareza River always come back to Madagascar" (Mittermeier, 1988). Economy Madagascar is dominated by the agricultural sector. However with the establishment of a duty free export processing zone in 1990, there has been an increase in light manufacturing, particularly textile manufacturing and agricultural products processing (cf. Gossling and Jiddawi 2004). Despite the existence of natural tourist spots, biodiversities and cultural heritage, Madagascar is still among the poorest countries. The reasons

Capitalism versus Socialism Essay Example for Free

Capitalism versus Socialism Essay Budget deficit is just one of the many factors that negatively affect the provision of most of the government projects in the society. Without the sufficient amount of government funds, building of infrastructures and other public goods would be delayed or underprovided. As we can remember, there are some goods and services that can only be provided efficiently if the government is the one who supply it instead of the private firms to protect the rights and welfare of the consumer group. If there exist under provision of these public goods, the societal welfare would negatively be affected. In this regard, there is a question on whether what should prevail in our economy, capitalism or socialism? One may say that this debate between capitalism and socialism is already a cliche, but we cannot set aside the arguments and points of each side which could give us guide us in understanding what is happening in the real world. Let me discuss first capitalism. Capitalism promotes the concentration of the government in the provision of security in the society and not to intervene in the business world. Some capitalists say that, with the intervention of the government, person who wants to establish a business enterprise is being deprived due to the policies that are being implemented by the government. For instance, legal monopoly that was given by the government to some companies hinders other people from starting their own water/electric company. This failure of other people to start their own utility business, as capitalists believe, is a violation to their freedom. Socialism, on the other hand, is extremely the opposite of the capitalists thinking. Here, government intervention is very much welcome and the society is recognizing the ability of the government to efficiently handle companies and to equally distribute whatever the goods or service that they produce to their citizens. One good example to this is the provision of government of medical services and education. Since not all individuals can afford the costs of schooling provided by private firms, what the government does is they establish public schools charging at a minimum amount. As for the medical services, the government establishes public hospitals and clinics that would provide its citizens cheaper medical services and medicines for less capable people. With this, the basic right of human, to have education and access to medical services, is being fulfilled by the government. The reason why government provides efficient goods and services is due to the fact that they are providing the said goods and services at a reasonable price unlike private firms, especially monopolists, that charges above what is socially acceptable price. Now, based from the points of these two ideologies, therefore, it depends on the situation if whether a certain government intervention is good to the society. If the government interferes in the market in order to protect the welfare of its citizens, then, there is no room for capitalists to say that they are being deprived by the government to put their own business. In addition to that, establishing another utility business, like electric company, would be very costly due to the high fixed costs that they must face. This is the reason why it would be efficient if only one would continue ‘monopolize’ the production of electricity in the country. In this regard, if there would be an under provision of public goods like education, electricity, medical services and security due to budget deficit of the government; societal welfare would surely be greatly devastated. More people would be deprived with their basic human rights and might suffer to private firm’s abusing power. Only during instances wherein the private firms abuses their power and charge high to their customer by providing inelastic goods the government initiate actions to regulate the situation. Good Economics versus Good Politics One could say that an act promotes good economics if it aims for the maximization of the satisfaction of the society or market (Sharma, 2007). On the other hand, one could say that an act promotes good politics if it is backed up by a good policy for the welfare of the majority. Most of the analysts say that good economics leads to good politics and vice versa. Others believe that it’s the other way around. The point of the latter is that, making policies that promotes the no personal interest would lead to good economics since promoting the interest of the majority is tantamount to saying that they are maximizing the satisfaction of the society or they are after for the optimal level of societal welfare (Gittins, 2004). In order for each of the said ideals to exists, it must ensure the survival of one another. It seems hard for the politicians to set aside their personal political interest for the public interest but it should be done in order to attain what is really best for the economy and for the country. One way to promote the public interest is to lessen the burdens being imposed to the public like- tax (Gruen, 2007). Minimizing the tax rate would require a long battle and endless debate but the thing is, if all of the politicians would set aside their personal interest everything is possible for the government and they could act efficiently for the betterment of the economy. In this regard, there is no point arguing what is the best for the society- good economics or good politics, since one is needed for the existence of the other. Invisible Hand Principle Advocated by Adam Smith, invisible hand supports capitalist’s view. According to Adam Smith, the government must not intervene in the market and focus only on providing security and justice system to the society. They also believe that government lessens the societal welfare with their imposition of taxes. Taxes just add up to the operational costs of the businesses that in turn being passed to the consumers. In short, the burden of the taxes that are being imposed by the government goes to the end consumers. Adam Smith believes that market systems has its own mechanism to ‘heal’ itself and move back again towards the equilibrium condition even without the intervention of the government. By satisfying the ‘selfish’ motives of producers and consumers, they are unconsciously helping each other. Therefore, increasing the taxes rate collection of the government to cover the budget deficit would be an unwise idea since it would only add up to the burden of the consumers or the public. Government intervention must have the right timing and, as much as possible, impose less burden to the consumers. As what have been cited a while ago, government intervention depends on the situation and the condition between the private firms and the consumer group. Government intervention would only be sufficient if it uplifts the welfare of the consumer group with less negative effects on the private firms. But as for the increasing tax rate scenario, it seems that, although unintentionally, the government negatively affects the welfare of the consumer group while leaving the private firms unharmed since they only pass the taxes to the consumers. In this case, it would be better if the government let the ‘invisible hand’ or the free market system to put back into order the economy. Production Possibilities Curve There are some instances wherein private firms are being restricted in passing the added costs of government intervention to their consumers. Like for instance, the imposition of tariff on importers, tariff is another income generating activities of the government aside from taxation. With the extra expenses of the importers on every unit of goods that they are importing to the country, they can now only afford to buy less of the said imported goods depending on their allotted budget. In this scenario, the business would be producing below its production possibilities curve or PPF. This means that with the existence of higher tariffs on imported goods needed by local industries, the companies could only buy fewer imported raw materials and, therefore, producing fewer number of finished products than with the optimal level of production. This situation is treated to be inefficient, but since tariff is a form of income generation of the government, the only thing that the government could do is to find the efficient level of tariff rate wherein businesses could still produce closely to their PPF. With this, the value of the efficiency that is lost from the private firms would be justified and would return to them in a form of infrastructures in a form of roads and bridges which could alleviate the efficiency of their operation. In reality, it is pretty hard to produce within the PPF due to the existence of various intervening variables and tariff is one of them. The least thing that businesses could do is to produce closer to their PPF or their optimal level of production based on their capacity and capability. Opportunity Costs With the possibility of under provision of important government services, the government cannot afford to make it happen due to the high opportunity costs involved in the case. The government might forego the value of the welfare of its citizens in exchange of the improvement of the welfare of the corporations. If the welfare of the corporations and consumer group is to be calculated, the welfare of the consumer group is surely larger than with the welfare of the corporations in the market; and in the first place, it is the duty of the government to protect and prioritize the safety and welfare of the majority- citizens of their country. Just imagine the number of students that might stop schooling with the cutting of the budget for education; the number of sick and less capable citizens that only relies on the help of the government for cheaper medical services and/or medicines from public hospitals and clinics. To make the situation worst, the government prioritizes the welfare of Iraqis than with its own citizen. It was aired in the news that the government raised the amount of budget for the ‘peace keeping role’ of the government to Iraqi people. It is not bad to help other people, but ‘think first about the welfare of your own people before the others’ since that is the right thing to do. The point here is that, the reason why the government suffers to budget deficit is due to their wrong priorities. The government must not set aside the welfare of its citizen since it would bail them higher opportunity costs.

revolution Essays -- essays papers

revolution The American Revolution occurred because of Great Britain's failure to adjust to conditions brought on by the growth and development of the colonies, and by the aggravation of a breakdown in the political and economic harmony that existed between the colonies and their mother country. America was a revolution force from the day of its discovery. The American Revolution was not the same thing as the American War of Independence. The war itself lasted only eight years, but the Revolution lasted over a century and a half and begun when the first permanent English settlers set foot on the new continent. Insurrection of thought usually precedes insurrection of deed. Over the years such ferment had occurred in the thinking of the colonists that the Revolution was partially completed in their minds before the first shot was fire or musketball began to fly. The American Revolution had its beginnings in the French and Indian war. For seven years, Britain battled the French and Indian nations in the colonies. Where the colonies militia fought beside the troops of the British army and learned war first hand. After winning the war, Britain had a huge debt to pay. To pay these expenses, George Grenville, who was secretary of Treasury in England, came up with a plan. He reasoned that the debt should be paid by taxing the colonies. After all the war had been fought to protect their land, that is the land of the Ohio River Valley. However, even before the French and Indian War had ended the political harmony that was once between the colonies and the British was already being broken down, due to all of the new acts that were passed in accordance with the mercantile theory of economics. This theory of economics said that colonies are only here to serve and glorify their mother country, in this case Britain. This lead to Britain's passing of the Navigation Laws. These laws mandated that all goods from the colonies had to be carried by British ships, thus making British merchants rich and important because everybody wanted goods form the New World and now they would have to go threw Britain to get them. The Navigational Acts were tolerated to a certain extent but also disobeyed by the common people when necessary. In 1763, the Seven-Year War in Europe and the French and Indian War in the colonies was over, and with the end came a British debt of ove... ...moves that might start a major war. However, on the other hand, they also felt they needed to protect themselves, so they established the Continental Army and named George Washington as Commander-in-Chief. They also passed a "Declaration of Causes of Taking up Arms," which named England as an aggressor and gave the Colonists the right to take up arms against the British. After King George III officially called the Colonies in rebellion, which was after Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" was circulated and read, the Patriots realized there was no way to solve the problems peacefully. They decided to declare independence and they drafted the Declaration of Independence, which was adopted and ratified on July 4, 1776. This was the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, in it's major points. Both Britain and the American Colonies had their faults in this matter, however most of the problem resided in the fact that the colonies' perceptions of the British actions were not the reality of the British actions. Therefore in fighting these actions the American Colonies eventual lead themselves to the signing of the Declaration of Independence and into the American Revolutionary War.

Analysis “The Ormolu Clock” by Muriel Spark Essay

â€Å"The Ormolu Clock† is a short story written by Muriel Spark, who is considered to be one of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945. Dame Muriel is a poet, writer of fiction and literary criticism, and biographer – went on to win most of the literary awards going, was never out of print, and was at the top of her profession, internationally, for more than half a century. The story under discussion begins with the description of two hotels standing side by side and separated by a narrow path – the Hotel Stroh and the Guesthouse Lublonitsch. The first one is a disappointment for its visitors, what can’t be said about the second. The story goes on to tell that the author had a chance to get acquainted with the owner of the Guesthouse – Frau Lublonitsch, who was a very hardworking woman. Once he saw her bedroom he was moved by the sight. The room was richly established and there was a large ornamental clock known as ormolu. Under consideration belongs to the belles-lettres functional style, the main aim of which is to give the readers aesthetic pleasure and to make them think. It is an entrusted narrative and is told in the first person from the viewpoint of a visitor of Frau Lublonitsch’s house. The use of various types of narrative allows the author to create plausible characters. The dialogues are used in the personage†™s speech as well. In this short story women dominate men. The proof of it is that the indefinite article is used before the name of Herr Lublonitsch ( There was a Herr Lublonitsch, but he was of no account). Also the 1st paragraph ends with sentence â€Å"But she was undoubtedly the boss.† which marks Mrs. Lublonitsch’s superior position in the relationship of the couple. The story under consideration abounds in different stylistic devices. The most recurrent are metaphors which add up to the emphatic description of the protagonist’s emotions and thoughts (mouth turn down, smell its quality, strip of land, ome of sons emerged from) also epithets (humorous face, opulently dull, nervous stormy night). The detachment is used here as well (She scoured the huge pans herself; wielding her podgy arm round and round.) It specifies the manner of doing the action. In the text there are also various types of repetition: catch repetition (The maids called her Frau Chef. Frau Chef prepares special food†¦),morphemic repetition (drinking, greeting the guests, receiving as much attention†¦), lexical repetition (as she emereged from the kitchen wiping her hands on her brown apron, with her grey hair drawn back tight, her sleeves rolled up, her dingy dress†¦;She owns all the strip of land†¦ She’s got three farms.. She may even expand across the river†¦) This SD underlines Mrs. Lublonitsch’s domination, power and strength, it shows that everything belonged to her only. The Inversion used here gives emphasis to the situation.(Appended to the guesthouse was a butcher’s shop; In the garden grew one useless thing, within it was a bedroom†¦). The author resorts to the use of descriptions of Mrs. Lublonitsch and her room. He opposes her appearance of a peasant to the imperial magnificence of her bedroom. (she emereged from the kitchen wiping her hands on her brown apron, with her grey hair drawn back tight, her sleeves rolled up, her dingy dress†¦) And with the use of similie he compares her to a peasant ( She went and fetched a cloth and mopped up the mess herself, like any peasant†¦). For the description of her room the author uses various detachments that serve as descriptive details ( I saw a canopied bed, built high, splendidly covered with scarlet quilt). Also the colors make a clear contrast of Mrs. Lublonitsch’s personality: grey, black, brown describe her as a working woman, therefore gold, red, scarlet in the description of her room symbolize that she lives like a queen). The most recurrent words: possession, she, the boss, herself acquire the status of the key words. â€Å"The ormolu clock† is a symbol of the time that was ticking for Mr Stroh, reminding him who the boss is. Though it is no longer in his possession it still has an influence on him. ). In the course of the whole story the clock dominates Mr Stroh’s life and his acting. Finally, he â€Å"gave up his gazing; he went indoors, sullen and bent†. That means that he is defeated by the clock, its authority has dominated in the scene. The message is that Mrs. Lublonitsch’s appearance was contrasting with her real possessions, which she wanted to expand.

Introduction to JavaScript

JavaScript is a programming language used to make web pages interactive. It is what gives a page life—the interactive elements and animation that engage a user. If youve ever used a search box on a home page, checked a live baseball score on a news site, or watched a video, it has likely been produced by JavaScript. JavaScript Versus Java JavaScript and Java are two different computer languages, both developed in 1995. Java is an object-oriented programming language, which means it can run independently in a machine environment. It is a reliable, versatile language used for Android apps, enterprise systems that move large amounts of data (especially in the finance industry), and embedded functions for Internet of Things technologies (IoT). JavaScript, on the other hand, is a text-based programming language meant to run as part of a web-based application. When first developed, it was intended to be a compliment to Java. But JavaScript took on a life of its own as one of the three pillars of web development—the other two being HTML and CSS. Unlike Java applications, which need to be compiled before they can run in a web-based environment, JavaScript was purposely designed to integrate into HTML. All major web browsers support JavaScript, though most give users the option of disabling support for it. Using and Writing JavaScript What makes JavaScript great is that its not necessary to know how to write it to use it in your web code. You can find plenty of prewritten JavaScripts for free online. To use such scripts, all you need to know is how to paste the supplied code into the right places on your web page. Despite the easy access to prewritten scripts, many coders prefer knowing how to do it themselves. Because it is an interpreted language, no special program is required to create usable code. A plain text editor like Notepad for Windows is all you need to write JavaScript. That said, Markdown Editor might make the process easier, particularly as the lines of code add up. HTML Versus JavaScript HTML and JavaScript are complementary languages. HTML is a markup language designed for defining static webpage content. It is what gives a webpage its basic structure. JavaScript is a programming language designed for performing dynamic tasks within that page, like animation or a search box.   JavaScript is designed to run within the HTML structure of a website and is often used multiple times. If youre writing code, your JavaScript will be more easily accessible  if placed them in separate files (using  a .JS extension helps identify them). You then link the JavaScript to your HTML by inserting a tag. That same script can then be added to several pages just by adding the appropriate tag into each of the pages to set up the link. PHP Versus JavaScript PHP is a server-side language that is designed to work with the web by facilitating data transfer from server to application and back again. Content management systems like Drupal or WordPress use PHP, allowing a user to write an article that is then stored in a database and published online. PHP is by far the most common server-side language used for web applications, although its future dominance may be challenged by Node.jp, a version of JavaScript that can run on the back end like PHP but is more streamlined.